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Admirers of wine know that the type of grape
from which wines are fermented will in large
part determine the basic fruit-flavor characteristics,
both aroma and taste, of the final product.
As a result, wines of high reputation are
often regarded as associated with a single
grape variety, often referred to as a "varietal",
especially in the english-speaking world.




Because of this, such grape-names as Cabernet
Sauvignon for red Bordeaux, Sémillon and
Sauvignon Blanc for Sauternes, Pinot Noir
for red Burgundy and Chardonnay for white
Burgundy, (etc), are now embedded in the
"wine-speak" language. However
these names can be misleading because they
imply a precision that in reality is not
present.




An example is that there is no such thing
as "the" Pinot (Noir). In fact
accuracy demands that it be referred to as
"a" Pinot (Noir) because the name
does not belong to a unique vine species
but to what the french grower calls a "cépage",
that is, a growth defined as a group of closely
related but not quite identical vine varieties
sharing the same genetic background; in this
case a variety that research is increasingly
revealing to be derived from a very ancient
strain of V.vinifera with a currently generic
name of "Pinot". These different
strains of the Pinot cépage are technically
known as "clones", usually individually
identified by adding a secondary name that
refers to a special characteristic, place
name or clone developer etc. For example;
it has been estimated that worldwide there
is a minimum of 200 Pinot (Noir) clone versions
currently, (1996), planted - including approximately
47 versions planted in the vineyards of Burgundy
and nearby districts in France - resulting
in a great variation of wine quality and
aging ability etc. The same sort of situation
applies to many other strains of the "cépages
nobles", or "noble varieties",
such as the Riesling and others.


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